The Aston Martin Two-Litre Speed Model: A Comprehensive Guide
The Aston Martin Two-Litre Sports, often referred to as the "Two-Litre Speed Model," represents a pivotal moment in Aston Martin's early history. Produced from 1936 to 1940, this car solidified Aston Martin's reputation for building sporting grand tourers capable of both spirited road driving and competitive racing. It belongs to the pre-war sports car class, embodying the elegance and engineering prowess characteristic of the era. The Speed Model was derived from the earlier Aston Martin Mk II, but with significant engine and chassis improvements aimed at enhancing performance.
Generations & Key Changes
While technically a development of the Mk II, the Two-Litre Speed Model warrants its own distinct consideration due to the extent of its upgrades. There weren't multiple "generations" within its short production run, but rather running changes and subtle improvements. Here's a breakdown:
- 1936-1940 (Two-Litre Speed Model):
- Key Changes from the Mk II: The defining feature was the upgraded engine, featuring improved cylinder head design, higher compression ratio, and twin SU carburetors, boosting power output. The chassis was also refined for better handling and stability.
- Running Changes: Throughout production, minor tweaks were made to components like the carburetors, brakes, and suspension to further refine performance and reliability. These changes were not officially documented as distinct models, making precise identification challenging.
Reliability & Common Issues
Owning a Two-Litre Speed Model requires understanding the inherent challenges of a pre-war car. Reliability is not comparable to modern vehicles, and meticulous maintenance is crucial. Here's a breakdown of common issues:
Engine
The engine, while robust for its time, is prone to wear and tear. Key areas of concern include:
- Oil Leaks: These are common, especially around the gaskets and seals. Regular monitoring of oil levels is essential.
- Cooling System: Overheating can be a problem, particularly in warmer climates. The original cooling system may benefit from upgrades, such as a more efficient radiator core.
- Carburetion: Twin SU carburetors require careful tuning and balancing. Problems can manifest as rough idling, poor performance, and excessive fuel consumption.
- Valve Train: Valve wear and associated noise are common issues. Regular valve adjustments are necessary.
Chassis & Suspension
The chassis and suspension are relatively simple, but age takes its toll:
- Kingpins: These are prone to wear and can affect steering accuracy. Regular greasing and inspection are vital.
- Leaf Springs: Sagging or broken leaf springs can compromise handling and ride quality. Reconditioning or replacement may be required.
- Brakes: The original mechanical drum brakes are adequate for the car's performance, but they require regular adjustment and maintenance. Upgrades to hydraulic systems are sometimes performed, but authenticity is then sacrificed.
- Steering Box: Wear in the steering box can result in excessive play and imprecise steering.
Electrical System
The original electrical system is basic and can be unreliable:
- Wiring: The original wiring is often brittle and prone to short circuits. Complete rewiring is often necessary.
- Dynamo: The dynamo (generator) may struggle to keep up with modern electrical demands. Upgrades to an alternator are common, but affect originality.
- Lucas Components: As with many British cars of the era, Lucas electrical components can be temperamental.
Bodywork
Rust and corrosion are significant concerns, particularly in unrestored examples:
- Steel Body Panels: Rust can attack the steel body panels, especially in areas prone to moisture accumulation.
- Wooden Frame: Many Speed Models incorporate a wooden frame. Rot in this frame can compromise the structural integrity of the car.
Driving Experience
Driving a Two-Litre Speed Model is an experience unlike any other. It's a visceral connection to a bygone era of motoring. Here's what to expect:
Pros:
- Direct Connection: The unassisted steering, mechanical brakes, and lively engine provide a direct and engaging driving experience.
- Nimble Handling: Despite its age, the Speed Model handles surprisingly well, offering a rewarding driving experience on winding roads.
- Stylish Design: The car's elegant lines and classic styling are timeless.
- Rarity and Exclusivity: Owning a Speed Model is a rare privilege.
Cons:
- Demanding Driving: The lack of modern conveniences and the need for constant attention make driving tiring.
- Mechanical Sensitivity: The car requires regular maintenance and careful monitoring of its mechanical systems.
- Limited Performance: While spirited for its time, the performance is modest by modern standards.
- Weather Protection: Open-top motoring exposes occupants to the elements.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Two-Litre Speed Model is a significant investment. Here's what to consider:
Years to Look For:
Generally, the later production cars (1938-1940) benefit from minor refinements made during the production run. However, condition is paramount. A well-maintained earlier car is preferable to a neglected later model.
What to Avoid:
- Extensive Rust: Significant rust in the bodywork or chassis can be costly to repair.
- Poorly Executed Restorations: Look for restorations performed by reputable specialists with knowledge of Aston Martins. Poorly executed work can diminish the car's value and create ongoing problems.
- Non-Original Components: While some modifications may improve usability, extensive deviations from the original specification can negatively impact value.
- Cars with Uncertain History: Provenance is important. Look for cars with documented history and traceable ownership.
Pre-Purchase Inspection:
A thorough pre-purchase inspection by a qualified specialist is essential. This should include a compression test, inspection of the chassis and bodywork, and a review of the car's history and documentation.
Expert Consultation:
Seek advice from Aston Martin experts and clubs. Their knowledge and experience can be invaluable in assessing the condition and value of a potential purchase.
The Aston Martin Two-Litre Speed Model is a truly special car. While owning one requires dedication and a deep appreciation for automotive history, the rewards are immeasurable.
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