Fiat Fiat 128

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The Fiat 128: A Revolutionary Compact Car

The Fiat 128, produced from 1969 to 1985, was a groundbreaking compact car that redefined the automotive landscape. Designed by Dante Giacosa, it was one of the first mass-produced front-wheel-drive cars with a transverse engine and unequal-length driveshafts, a layout that maximized interior space and set a new standard for small car design. Considered a C-segment vehicle in today's classification, it was a significant car for Fiat and the industry, influencing many designs that followed.

Generations and Key Changes

First Generation (1969-1976)

• Body Styles: 2-door sedan, 4-door sedan, 3-door station wagon ("Familiare"), 2-door coupe
• Engine: 1.1L SOHC inline-four, producing around 55 horsepower. Later models received slight power increases.
• Key Features: Revolutionary front-wheel-drive layout, independent rear suspension (transverse leaf spring), disc brakes in the front, rack-and-pinion steering.
• Notable Changes: Minor cosmetic updates throughout the period, including grille changes and interior refinements. The Sport Coupe models were introduced with a more powerful engine.

Second Generation (1976-1985)

• Body Styles: Largely similar to the first generation, but with styling revisions. The 3P coupe (3-door hatchback) became available.
• Engine Options: Primarily the 1.1L engine, though some markets saw slightly modified versions. The Sport versions (3P) offered more powerful 1.3L options.
• Key Features: Revised styling, including a more modern front fascia with larger headlights and a different grille. Interior changes focused on improved comfort and ergonomics.
• Notable Changes: Introduction of the Fiat 128 CL (Comfort Line), which featured enhanced trim and equipment. Production locations varied, and later cars were sometimes produced by Zastava in Yugoslavia.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Fiat 128, while innovative, suffered from some reliability issues, particularly compared to its contemporaries from other manufacturers. Rust was a significant problem, as with many cars of its era.

Engine

• Timing Belt: The SOHC engine uses a timing belt, which needs regular replacement (typically every 30,000-40,000 miles). Failure to replace the belt can lead to catastrophic engine damage.
• Carburetion: Weber carburetors (often used) can be sensitive to tuning and require regular maintenance. Poor running, stalling, and difficulty starting are common symptoms of carburetor problems.
• Overheating: The cooling system can be prone to issues, leading to overheating. Check the radiator, hoses, and thermostat regularly. Ensure the cooling fan is functioning correctly.
• Oil Leaks: Valve cover and oil pan gaskets are prone to leaks, as is the rear main seal.

Transmission

• Synchros: The synchromesh in the manual gearbox can wear out over time, leading to grinding during gear changes, especially in second gear.
• Clutch: The clutch cable can stretch or break, leading to clutch slippage or failure to disengage.

Suspension & Steering

• Rust: Rust can weaken the suspension components, particularly around the spring perches and shock absorber mounts. Inspect these areas carefully.
• Ball Joints & Bushings: Wear in the ball joints and suspension bushings can lead to loose handling and premature tire wear.
• Steering Rack: The rack-and-pinion steering can develop play over time, resulting in vague steering feel.

Body & Electrics

• Rust: As mentioned, rust is a major concern. Check the floor pans, rocker panels, wheel arches, and around the windscreen and rear window.
• Electrics: Lucas electrical components (used on some models) are known for their unreliability. Wiring issues, faulty switches, and dim headlights are common problems.

Driving Experience

Pros:

• Nimble Handling: The front-wheel-drive layout and relatively light weight contribute to agile handling and good roadholding.
• Spacious Interior: The efficient packaging of the transverse engine allows for a surprisingly spacious interior for a car of its size.
• Simple Mechanics: Relatively simple mechanicals make it reasonably easy to work on, especially for those familiar with older cars.
• Fuel Efficiency: The small engine and lightweight construction result in decent fuel economy.
• Iconic Status: It is an iconic car for its innovation and design.

Cons:

• Limited Power: The 1.1L engine can feel underpowered, especially when fully loaded or climbing hills.
• Rust Prone: Rust is a major issue that can significantly impact the car's longevity and structural integrity.
• Unrefined Ride: The ride quality can be harsh, especially on rough roads.
• Availability of Parts: Parts availability can be a challenge, especially for less common components.

Buying Advice

Finding a well-preserved Fiat 128 can be a rewarding experience. However, careful inspection is crucial.

What to Look For:

• Rust-Free Examples: Prioritize finding a car with minimal rust, especially in critical areas like the floor pans, rocker panels, and suspension mounts. This is the most important factor.
• Well-Maintained Engine: Look for evidence of regular maintenance, including timing belt replacements and carburetor servicing. A compression test is highly recommended.
• Complete Originality: Original, unmolested examples are generally more desirable and valuable.
• Good Interior Condition: Interior parts can be difficult to find, so a car with a well-preserved interior is a bonus.

What to Avoid:

• Extensive Rust: Walk away from cars with significant rust, as repairs can be costly and time-consuming.
• Poorly Modified Examples: Heavily modified cars may have hidden problems or compromised reliability.
• Cars with Missing Parts: Sourcing missing parts can be difficult and expensive.
• Cars with Significant Mechanical Issues: Unless you are a skilled mechanic, avoid cars with major engine or transmission problems.

Desirable Years & Models:

• Early First-Generation Models (1969-1973): Often considered the purest expression of the 128's design.
• Sport Coupe Models: Offer a more powerful engine and sportier styling.
• 128 3P Coupe: The hatchback version offers improved practicality.
• Low Mileage Examples: Naturally, lower mileage examples tend to be in better condition.

Remember to have a pre-purchase inspection performed by a mechanic familiar with classic cars, particularly Fiats. Be prepared to spend time and effort sourcing parts and maintaining the car. With proper care, a Fiat 128 can be a fun and rewarding classic car to own.

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