Mercedes-Benz W15 (170 H): A Comprehensive Guide
The Mercedes-Benz W15, also known as the 170 H (for "Heck," meaning rear-engine), represents a fascinating and somewhat unusual chapter in Mercedes-Benz history. Produced from 1936 to 1939, it was the only rear-engined passenger car ever built by the company. Positioned as a compact, affordable family car, the 170 H aimed to offer Mercedes-Benz engineering and quality in a smaller package than its more prestigious, front-engined brethren.
Generations
Unlike some models with multiple significant facelifts and iterations, the W15/170 H only had one generation. However, minor production changes and detail improvements occurred throughout its lifespan:
- 1936-1939: The sole generation of the W15 170 H. Key characteristics remained consistent: rear-mounted 1.7-liter inline-four engine, swing axle rear suspension, and distinctive styling. Early models had some teething issues which were largely resolved in later production years.
Reliability & Common Issues
The rear-engine configuration of the 170 H, while innovative for Mercedes-Benz, contributed to some unique reliability challenges:
Engine Cooling
One of the most significant issues was engine cooling. The rear-mounted engine, coupled with a relatively small radiator and limited airflow, made it susceptible to overheating, especially in warm climates or during prolonged high-speed driving. Look for signs of previous overheating, such as warped cylinder heads or excessive coolant consumption. The radiator's condition is critical and often requires specialized repairs or replacement.
Swing Axle Suspension
The swing axle rear suspension, a design choice common in rear-engined vehicles of the era, could lead to "snap oversteer" under certain conditions, particularly on uneven surfaces or during abrupt maneuvers. While generally manageable with careful driving, it requires a driver familiar with its characteristics. Inspect the swing axles for excessive play or worn bushings. Maintaining proper lubrication is crucial for long life.
Fuel System
The fuel system, including the fuel pump and carburetor, can be prone to issues due to the car's age and the quality of fuel available during its original production period. Look for signs of fuel leaks, rough idling, or hesitation during acceleration. A thorough cleaning and rebuild of the carburetor are often necessary.
Electrical System
The electrical system, being a pre-war design, is relatively simple but also prone to corrosion and wiring issues. Ensure all lights and electrical components function correctly. A complete rewiring might be necessary for reliable operation.
Availability of Parts
Parts availability for the W15 170 H is limited and can be expensive. Specialized vintage Mercedes-Benz parts suppliers are essential for sourcing replacement components. Be prepared to invest time and resources in finding the necessary parts for restoration and maintenance.
Driving Experience
Driving a Mercedes-Benz 170 H is a unique experience that transports you back to the 1930s. It's important to approach it with realistic expectations and an appreciation for its historical context.
Pros:
- Novelty and Rarity: The 170 H is a rare and unusual car that attracts attention wherever it goes.
- Comfortable Ride (for its time): Despite the swing axle suspension, the ride quality is surprisingly compliant for a car of its era.
- Mercedes-Benz Engineering: Even in a rear-engined configuration, the 170 H exhibits the engineering quality and attention to detail expected from Mercedes-Benz.
Cons:
- Performance: The 1.7-liter engine provides modest performance, making it unsuitable for modern traffic conditions, especially highway driving.
- Handling: The swing axle suspension requires careful handling, especially on uneven roads or during abrupt maneuvers.
- Reliability: As mentioned above, the 170 H can be prone to reliability issues, particularly related to engine cooling and the fuel system.
- Maintenance: Maintenance requires specialized knowledge and access to hard-to-find parts.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Mercedes-Benz 170 H requires careful consideration and a thorough inspection. Here's some advice:
What to Look For:
- Completeness: Originality and completeness are crucial for the value and restorability of the car. Ensure all original components are present and in good condition.
- Condition of the Body: Rust is a common problem, especially in areas prone to moisture. Carefully inspect the body for signs of corrosion.
- Engine Health: Check for signs of overheating, such as warped cylinder heads or excessive coolant consumption. A compression test is essential.
- Provenance: Documentation and historical records can significantly enhance the value and desirability of the car.
What to Avoid:
- Heavily Modified Examples: Unless the modifications are documented and well-executed, avoid heavily modified examples, as they can detract from the car's value and originality.
- Extensive Rust: Cars with extensive rust damage can be costly and time-consuming to restore.
- Missing Major Components: Cars with missing major components, such as the engine or transmission, can be difficult and expensive to restore.
Year Recommendation:
Later production year models (1938-1939) generally benefit from the refinements and improvements made throughout the production run, addressing some of the early reliability issues. However, condition is paramount, regardless of the year.
Expert Inspection
Before making a purchase, have the car inspected by a qualified vintage Mercedes-Benz specialist. Their expertise can help identify potential issues and ensure that you are making a sound investment.
Owning a Mercedes-Benz 170 H is a labor of love, but it offers a unique and rewarding experience for those who appreciate automotive history and are willing to invest the time and resources necessary to keep it running.
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